abstract：:Acute oral toxicity of Cd (as cadmium chloride) was enhanced in rats fasted 24 hr, as shown by a markedly decreased LD50. To examine the relationship among Cd toxicity, hepatic glutathione (GSH), and metallothionein (MT) during fasting, rats were administered 75 mg Cd/kg orally 24 hr after fasting and euthanized after...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Shimizu M,Morita S

更新日期：1990-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuropathy target esterase (NTE) is a membrane-bound protein with high esterase catalytic activity. The physiological function of the protein is not known and the catalytic activity is not essential to health of nerve axons. Nevertheless there is overwhelming evidence that modification of the structure of NTE by coval...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Johnson MK

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To study the effect of cadmium exposure on maternal and fetal zinc metabolism, rats were exposed to 0, 5, 50, or 100 ppm Cd in the drinking water on Days 6 through 20 of pregnancy. In comparison to controls, fetal and maternal weights were slightly reduced in the 50- and 100-ppm groups, but not the 5-ppm group. Multip...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Sorell TL,Graziano JH

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gap junctional intercellular communication appears to be important in the regulation of cellular homeostasis, differentiated cell functions, and growth control in adult tissues. Interruption of intercellular communication by chemical compounds has been shown to be a sublethal response to a number of tumor promoters. T...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Klaunig JE,Ruch RJ,Weghorst CM

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Low dietary concentrations of methionine and cysteine are known to decrease hepatic glutathione content. However, it is not known if restricting the dietary content of these sulfur containing amino acids also affects hepatic levels of adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS), the cofactor for sulfation, or meta...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Sendelbach LE,White CA,Howell S,Gregus Z,Klaassen CD

更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is of concern as a drinking water contaminant, it has been necessary in most oral toxicity studies to give CCl4 in an oil vehicle due to its limited water solubility. The primary objective of our study was to assess the influence of dosing vehicles on the acute hepatotoxicity of CC...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Kim HJ,Odend'hal S,Bruckner JV

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Direct additions to culture media of either acetaminophen (APAP) or 7-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (7-OH-AAF) resulted in abnormal closure of the anterior neuropores of cultured rat embryos in the absence of an exogenous bioactivation system. Concentrations required to produce a 50% incidence of the defect were appro...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Harris C,Stark KL,Luchtel DL,Juchau MR

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Male rats were injected SC with 0.6 mg Cd/kg/day for 5 days per week for 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Liver and kidney were examined morphologically and analyzed for metallothionein, cadmium, zinc, and copper. Morphologic changes were found in kidney but not in liver. The earliest ultrastructural change consisted of myelin f...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Goyer RA,Miller CR,Zhu SY,Victery W

更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The high affinity metal-binding protein metallothionein (MT) is thought to detoxify cadmium (Cd) but appears to be deficient in several known targets of Cd carcinogenesis. The rat ventral prostate (VP) was recently identified as one of these target tissues. The nature of the Cd-binding proteins in the prostate has not...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Waalkes MP,Perantoni A

更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pharmacokinetics of the industrially important compound triethylamine (TEA) and its metabolite triethylamine-N-oxide (TEAO) were studied in four volunteers after oral and intravenous administration. TEA was efficiently absorbed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, rapidly distributed, and in part metabolized into...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Akesson B,Vinge E,Skerfving S

更新日期：1989-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Treatment of cancer patients with the antitumor antibiotic bleomycin (BLM) is associated with lung damage which can progress to pulmonary fibrosis. Shortly after intratracheal (it) administration of BLM to experimental animals there is an influx of inflammatory cells into the lung. These inflammatory cells, consisting...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Janick-Buckner D,Ranges GE,Hacker MP

更新日期：1989-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:To determine if inhaled nephrotoxic branched and nonnephrotoxic straight chain alkanes differ substantially in their biological fate, male F344 rats were exposed to 14C-labeled isooctane and octane vapors at approximately 1 and 350 ppm by the nose-only mode for 2 hr. Radioactivity in exhalant, urine, and feces was det...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Dahl AR

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The phenylurea compound EDU (N-[2-(2-oxo-1-imidazolindinyl)ethyl]-N'-phenylurea) has been shown to protect plants from the damaging effects of ozone exposure. Models of rat lung injury, based on acute exposure to 2 ppm ozone for 3 hr and on exposure to 0.85 ppm ozone for 2 days, were used to determine whether EDU pret...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Bassett DJ,Elbon CL,Reichenbaugh SS,Boswell GA,Stevens TM,McGowan MC,Kerr JS

更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A BLU:Ha newborn mouse lung adenoma bioassay was employed to compare the tumorigenicity of selected mononitroarenes and unsubstituted parent compounds 6 months after initial treatment. The presence of a nitro group had a variable effect upon compound potency in which tumorigenicity was increased, abolished, or unchang...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Busby WF Jr,Stevens EK,Martin CN,Chow FL,Garner RC

更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The correlation among hyperammonemia, brain neutral amino acid, and encephalopathy induced by cyanide was investigated in mice. Subcutaneous injection of 10 mg/kg of potassium cyanide increased the levels of blood ammonia by 2.5-fold as compared to those of the corresponding controls and caused loss of consciousness i...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Yamamoto H

更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With the purpose of assessing the effect of uranyl nitrate (UN) on the rate of erythropoiesis, 1 mg/kg of the compound was injected iv to adult female Wistar rats. The dosing vehicle was injected into control animals. A single injection of UN induced a transient depression of the rate of red cell volume 59Fe uptake, w...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Giglio MJ,Brandan N,Leal TL,Bozzini CE

更新日期：1989-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Following exposure to 2 ppm ozone for 4 hr, two distinct effects on rat lung inflammatory cell oxidant generation were observed. TPA- and opsonized zymosan-stimulated superoxide production by the inflammatory cell population was found to be maximally inhibited 24 hr following ozone exposure. In contrast, luminol-ampli...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Esterline RL,Bassett DJ,Trush MA

更新日期：1989-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Daily subcutaneous administration of 20 or 100 mg/kg gentamicin for 4 days significantly decreased pyridoxal-5'-phosphate and lysosomal specific phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C (PI-PLC) in newborn rat kidney. The fall in PI-PLC was associated with an elevation in renal phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, an...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Kacew S,Hewitt WR,Hook JB

更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure of mice to cationic rhodamines, Rh 123 and Rh 6G, has been found to be associated with developmental toxicity, while neutral rhodamines (e.g., Rh B) had no such effect. When mouse embryos from dams given ip injections of Rh 123, Rh 6G (15 mg/kg), or Rh B (30 mg/kg) on gestation Day (GD) 10 were examined, Rh 1...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Ranganathan S,Churchill PF,Hood RD

更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nafenopin was administered orally for 21 days to male Sprague-Dawley rats (0.5-50 mg/kg/day), Syrian hamsters (5-250 mg/kg/day), Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs (50 and 250 mg/kg/day), and marmosets (Callithrix jacchus, 50 and 250 mg/kg/day). With the rat, and to a lesser extent in the hamster, nafenopin treatment produced...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Lake BG,Evans JG,Gray TJ,Körösi SA,North CJ

更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Similarly to unleaded gasoline, 1,4-dichlorobenzene (1,4-DCB) administered for 2 years caused a dose-related increase in the incidence of renal tumors in male but not in female rats or in either sex of mice. Unleaded gasoline and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (TMP), a component of unleaded gasoline, increased protein droplet...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Charbonneau M,Strasser J Jr,Lock EA,Turner MJ Jr,Swenberg JA

更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Renal glutathione (GSH) concentrations were reduced approximately 80% at 4 hr after a single injection of buthionine sulfoxime (BSO) (4 mmol/kg body wt) and remained reduced for at least 16 hr in male rats. Following BSO injection, rats were injected with a nephrotoxic dose of cadmium-metallothionein (Cd-MT) (0.3 mg C...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Suzuki CA,Cherian MG

更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pharmacokinetics of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TRI) was studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats in order to characterize and quantify TRI uptake and elimination oby direct measurements of the inhaled and exhaled compound. Fifty or 500 ppm TRI was inhaled for 2 hr through a one-way breathing valve by unanesthetized rats of...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Dallas CE,Ramanathan R,Muralidhara S,Gallo JM,Bruckner JV

更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previously conducted reproduction and teratology studies in rats (unpublished observations) exposed to fluoxetine have revealed no compound-related adverse effects on fertility and no teratogenic effects. In order to confirm embryonic/fetal exposure to fluoxetine and/or metabolites, dissection and whole-body autoradio...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Pohland RC,Byrd TK,Hamilton M,Koons JR

更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Promoting effects of sodium salts of phenobarbital (NaPB) and barbital (NaBB) on the development of bladder tumors were investigated in F344 male rats initiated with N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT) or N-nitrosobutyl-4-hydroxybutylamine (BBN). To initiate with FANFT, rats were fed 0.2% FANFT mixed ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Diwan BA,Hagiwara A,Ward JM,Rice JM

更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of N-benzyl-D-glucamine dithiocarbamate (BGD) on the renal toxicity produced by subacute exposure to cadmium in rats was studied. Rats were injected sc with CdCl2 (1.5 mg Cd/kg) daily for 26 days and thereafter they received 13 injections of BGD (400 mumol/kg) every other day. Urinary protein concentration ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Kojima S,Ono H,Kiyozumi M,Honda T,Takadate A

更新日期：1989-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Since it was recently shown that the addition of nicotinamide (NAM) to pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) cell monolayers significantly altered their ATP pools (Nadeau and Lane, 1988), the effects of the vitamin on the metabolism of the cells, exposed or not to very short chrysotile asbestos fibers (VSF), were evalu...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Nadeau D,Lane DA

更新日期：1989-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Acetaminophen (APAP) and 7-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (7-OH-AAF) each produced a similar incidence of, as well as a qualitatively similar, abnormal closure of the anterior neuropore at similar concentrations when added to the medium of cultured rat embryos. At concentrations producing a 50-65% incidence of abnormal...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Stark KL,Harris C,Juchau MR

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Teratogenicity of the anticonvulsant phenytoin may be due in part to its bioactivation by prostaglandin synthetase, forming a reactive free radical intermediate. We examined whether teratogenicity of the structurally similar oxazolidinedione anticonvulsants, trimethadione and its N-demethylated metabolite dimethadione...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Wells PG,Nagai MK,Greco GS

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The esters of the general structure, [CH(SH)COOR]2, i.e., Di-BDMS, R = CH2CH(CH3)2; Ds-BDMS, R = CH(CH3)CH2CH3; Di-ADMS, R = CH2CH2CH(CH3)2; and D3-ADMS, R = CH(CH2CH3)2 from the reaction of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid with isobutyl, sec-butyl, isoamyl, and 3-amyl alcohols, respectively, have been prepared, chara...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Singh PK,Jones MM,Gale GR,Atkins LM,Smith AB

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure of rodents to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) associated with particles has previously been shown to result in increased retention of BaP and metabolites in lungs. To determine if DNA damage might be enhanced, DNA adducts were measured in lungs of F344 rats following inhalation of pure BaP aerosols or BaP absorbed on ca...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Wolff RK,Bond JA,Sun JD,Henderson RF,Harkema JR,Griffith WC,Mauderly JL,McClellan RO

更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several neurotoxic compounds cause aggregation of neurofilaments in peripheral axons. This may represent a primary action of these chemicals or a secondary response to other cellular damage. To distinguish between these possibilities, the effects of acrylamide and 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) on vimentin were examined in ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Sager PR

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The results of a series of screening tests to determine the potential teratogenicity and neurotoxicity of developmental exposure to TBTO in rats are presented in this paper. For prenatal exposure, pregnant Long Evans rats were intubated with 0-16 mg/kg/day bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide TBTO from Days 6 to 20 of gestation (...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Crofton KM,Dean KF,Boncek VM,Rosen MB,Sheets LP,Chernoff N,Reiter LW

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The current investigation was designed to determine if the pesticide methoxychlor (M) mimicked the effects of estrogen in the brain and on behavior. Running wheel activity (RWA) and sex behaviors were evaluated in this study because the role of estrogen in the regulation of these behaviors has been thoroughly establis...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Gray LE Jr,Ostby JS,Ferrell JM,Sigmon ER,Goldman JM

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study investigates the effects of nicotine treatment on exocrine pancreatic function. Adult male, Sprague-Dawley rats received nicotine via a time-release pellet, at a rate of 1.65 micrograms/min for 3 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, it was observed that although nicotine did not affect final...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Dubick MA,Palmer R,Lau PP,Morrill PR,Geokas MC

更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adult BALB/c mice, which are sensitive to hyperoxia (LT50 = 4.5 days 100% O2), were made tolerant to 100% O2 after treatment with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Following a single ip dose of 400 mg/kg, mice survived longer periods in O2 when exposed to O2 at 7, 14, and 21, but not 2 days, following BHT injection. The...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Margaretten N,Tryka AF,Witschi H

更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The transplacental crossover of 14C-2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (6-CB) from the maternal circulation to the fetal side of the placenta was examined in intact fetuses and following the in situ perfusion of the guinea pig placenta. Fetal, late pregnant, and nonpregnant female guinea pig lipoprotein profiles and th...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Ring BJ,Seitz KR,Vodicnik MJ

更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor soman produced a dramatic increase in arterial blood pressure of up to 60 mm Hg in the unanesthetized rat with variable changes in heart rate. Pretreatment with clonidine resulted in a dose-related inhibition of soman-induced cardiovascular changes and enhanced the time of ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Magrí V,Buccafusco JJ,Aronstam RS

更新日期：1988-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The substrate preference of an aldehyde dehydrogenase induced in rat liver cytosol by 3-methylcholanthrene was examined. This enzyme, T-ALDH, is identical to the aldehyde dehydrogenase inducible in rat liver by 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin and the tumor-associated aldehyde dehydrogenase found in rat hepatocell...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Marselos M,Lindahl R

更新日期：1988-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Biochemical, functional and morphologic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on the hearts of female rats were examined. Six days after the treatment of rats with TCDD, the blood pressures and resting heart rates were significantly less than in control animals. Treated animals were also less responsiv...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Hermansky SJ,Holcslaw TL,Murray WJ,Markin RS,Stohs SJ

更新日期：1988-09-15 00:00:00